Silicon dioxide, also known as silicic acid, occurs naturally in the earth's crust as well as in water and plants. It is a trace mineral that can be found in the human body and has many important functions. It is also used in a variety of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
Silica is often manufactured into a variety of forms, including sand, powder, gels, precipitated silica and fumed silica. Other names for it include amorphous silica and nanosilica.
Colloidal silica is a suspension of small spherical particles of amorphous silica in liquid. It differs from other types of silica in several ways, but the most notable is that it is in liquid form as opposed to powder.
It is made by polymerizing silica nuclei under alkaline conditions and then dispersing the resulting particles in a solution of water. This process produces nanosized amorphous silica sols with high surface area that have an electrical charge induced on their surfaces. These nanoparticles can then repel one another to form a stable dispersion, or colloid.
This type of silica is incredibly efficient for polishing and has the potential to significantly increase the productivity of your process. It can be mixed in concentrations of up to 50 wt% which is far greater than standard abrasive slurries that can have anywhere from 15-20 wt%.
There are many different grades of colloidal silica available and the grade you select should be based on the application and your desired properties of the material. Some of the important things to consider when choosing a colloidal silica are its particle size, its stability in pH range and its surface charge.
Particle size is a major factor in the performance of colloidal silica, so be sure to choose a product that has a large range of particle sizes. This is especially true if you're using the product in a chemical application such as an acid spray.
The pH of the colloidal silica is a significant consideration as well, as a wide pH range is preferred in most applications for good particle stability and surface performance. A common pH range for these products is 3.5 - 10.5, but some can be produced to have a wider range of pH's as well, so make sure to ask your representative about the best grade for your specific application needs!
Colloidal silicon dioxide can be a useful additive to formulations in membrane-controlled and matrix-controlled transdermal drug delivery systems. This is because it can help to stabilize the gel and improve its storage and thermal stability. Additionally, it can prevent the formation of hard sediments in these systems.
It can be mixed into the formulation with other powdered ingredients to ensure the most cohesive mix possible. This is not recommended when mixing with lubricants, as these will be able to break up the large agglomerates that exist in many grades of colloidal silica.
Colloidal silicon dioxide can be added to a gel formulation that is being prepared in a blender, but it should be mixed in its entirety prior to adding the other powdered components of the formulation. It is also not advisable to pre-mix it with a lubricant, as this will introduce too much energy into the mix.